José Leonardo

Ali Primera's song 'José Leonardo' is a powerful tribute to José Leonardo Chirino, a historical figure who led a slave rebellion in Venezuela in the late 18th century. The lyrics paint a vivid picture of the struggle and resilience of the Afro-Venezuelan community. José Leonardo is depicted as a symbol of resistance, embodying the sweat and labor of black slaves who worked in the cacao fields. The repetition of 'sudor de negro y cacao' emphasizes the harsh conditions and the relentless spirit of those who fought against their oppressors.

The song also delves into the transformation of colonial power, from Spanish to American ('gringo') dominance. This shift is highlighted in the lines 'para echar al español que despues se volvio gringo,' suggesting that the fight against oppression is ongoing and that the oppressors have merely changed faces. The metaphor of 'cuero' (leather) is particularly striking, as it contrasts the pain inflicted by the master's whip with the unifying and empowering sound of the drum, a symbol of cultural identity and resistance.

Ali Primera's invocation of 'Anima de San Benito' and the references to traditional foods and customs ('Urupagua,' 'café tostao') further root the song in Afro-Venezuelan culture. The plea to San Benito to be freed from the 'culebra' (snake) and the questioning of who the current 'Mantuano' (colonial elite) is, reflect a deep-seated desire for liberation and justice. The song's narrative is not just about historical events but also a commentary on contemporary social issues, urging listeners to recognize and continue the fight against modern forms of oppression.

The recited section at the end of the song adds a layer of oral tradition, capturing the communal spirit and the transmission of history through storytelling. The imagery of 'negros en cunclillas' (blacks squatting) and 'el grito de guerra' (the war cry) evokes a sense of unity and collective struggle. 'José Leonardo' is a poignant reminder of the enduring fight for freedom and the importance of cultural heritage in shaping identity and resistance.